China's economic slowdown highlights the urgent need for robust policy interventions to address consumer confidence and global trade challenges.
The post China’s industrial output slowed and retail sales missed forecasts in July 2025 appeared first on Crypto Briefing.
Iran's legal pursuit over missing pilots may heighten geopolitical tensions, impacting airspace management and market stability long-term.
The post Iran suspects missing pilots held captive, eyes legal action appeared first on Crypto Briefing.
Alibaba's divestment from gaming underscores a strategic pivot towards AI and cloud, reshaping its business focus and industry dynamics.
The post Alibaba sells Lingxi Games in over $2B deal as it doubles down on AI appeared first on Crypto Briefing.
The potential sale could reshape European banking dynamics, enhancing UniCredit's influence while testing regulatory and strategic alignments.
The post Germany open to selling Commerzbank stake to UniCredit if strategy aligns appeared first on Crypto Briefing.
The stalled U.S.-Iran talks could exacerbate regional tensions and hinder diplomatic resolutions, affecting broader geopolitical stability.
The post Iran blames US for stalled talks over memorandum violation appeared first on Crypto Briefing.
Bitcoin Magazine

Edelman Financial, Tudor Investment Reveal Significant Bitcoin Holdings
Edelman Financial Engines has disclosed a $34 million position in spot Bitcoin ETFs — a stake that now exceeds some of the firm’s other holdings in major tech companies.
While the position is still tiny in the investment advisor’s portfolio, it is still larger than its $25 million position in Amazon.
The position — held in BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust and Grayscale’s flagship product — tracks closely with the public views of its founder, Ric Edelman.
Edelman has been advocating for Bitcoin ETFs since 2019, years before the SEC approved spot products in January 2024. He also founded the Digital Assets Council of Financial Professionals, an organization built to educate financial advisors on crypto and blockchain technology.
And Edelman Financial isn’t the only one: In a filing submitted this afternoon, Tudor Investment Corporation, the firm run by legendary macro trader Paul Tudor Jones, reported owning 688,529 shares of IBIT as of June 30, valued at $22.9 million.
That’s up from the 579,083 shares Tudor reported the previous quarter.
It’s worth remembering that few investors have built a career reading inflation cycles and their historical patterns as successfully as Jones, making the size of the add notable in its own right.
This post Edelman Financial, Tudor Investment Reveal Significant Bitcoin Holdings first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Mathew Di Salvo.
Bitcoin Magazine

Abu Dhabi Sovereign Wealth Funds Keep Big Bitcoin Positions
Bitcoin is the most important asset in two of Abu Dhabi sovereign wealth funds, according to regulatory filings.
Abu Dhabi’s Mubadala Investment Company disclosed Friday that it held a $490 million stake in BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust — the second-largest single holding across its entire 13F portfolio.
And a Thursday filing from the Abu Dhabi Investment Council, another state-run fund, revealed a $273.6 million position in the popular Bitcoin exchange-traded fund. The stake is the biggest position in its portfolio.
Both wealth funds’ position in Bitcoin is unchanged since last quarter.
Earlier this year, blockchain analytics firm Arkham Intelligence attributed approximately 6,782 Bitcoins — worth roughly $453.6 million at the time of its analysis — to wallets connected to Bitcoin mining activity linked to the UAE’s Royal Group.
The findings highlight a distinction between how the UAE has built its bitcoin position compared with other governments known to hold large amounts of the asset. Countries such as the United States hold substantial Bitcoin reserves that largely originated from law enforcement seizures.
The UAE’s holdings, by contrast, stem primarily from domestic mining activity rather than confiscated assets.
Since the SEC approved a slew of Bitcoin funds in January 2024, major firms have been able to buy exposure to the asset via shares of the regulated vehicles that trade on stock exchanges.
BlackRock’s IBIT is the most successful crypto ETF: The fund has received more cash than any other crypto ETF and currently has $47.3 billion in assets under management.
Pension funds and U.S. states have all bought exposure to Bitcoin via the ETFs, along with more traditional investments like tech stocks and other U.S. equities.
This post Abu Dhabi Sovereign Wealth Funds Keep Big Bitcoin Positions first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Mathew Di Salvo.
Bitcoin Magazine

Bitcoiners Warned After French Tax Authority Confirms Data Breach Affecting Hundreds of Thousands
Bitcoiners have been warned after France’s tax administration confirmed that hackers breached its information system, exposing sensitive financial and personal data belonging to hundreds of thousands of taxpayers and businesses.
Writing on X on Friday, Bitcoin developer Jameson Lopp said the leak was “more bad news for Bitcoiners living in the leading country for wrench attacks.”
Lopp has created a tracker counting wrench attacks — when physical violence is used to steal crypto — across the world. A large amount happens in France, where data has been leaked before.
The news comes one day after hardware wallet manufacturer Trezor announced a data breach exposing customer data.
Cybersecurity researchers at FrenchBreaches, who reviewed samples of the leaked data, reported that the affected records break down to roughly 392,867 individuals and 285,570 businesses.
Among the individuals, an estimated 26,805 have a reported annual taxable income of €100,000 or more, 386 exceed €1 million, and eight exceed €10 million. The hacker is said to be offering the full dataset for sale for several thousand euros.
The breach first surfaced publicly on August 12, when a hacker using the alias “ZeroBytes” posted on a cybercrime forum claiming to have infiltrated internal DGFiP servers and obtained VPN credentials that unlocked an internal lookup tool covering millions of taxpayers.
According to the hacker’s own account, the extraction was interrupted before it could be completed, leaving what they described as only a partial dataset of 678,438 records.
The exposed sample reportedly includes highly sensitive information: full legal names, dates and places of birth, home and mailing addresses, marital status, number of dependents, internal tax identification numbers, reference taxable income, individual withholding tax rates, phone numbers, email addresses, and records of past correspondence with tax officials.
Security analysts warn that this combination of identity, contact and financial data could fuel highly convincing phishing campaigns impersonating tax authorities, as well as identity theft and fraud schemes tailored to victims’ income levels or family circumstances.
2025 was the worst on record for wrench attacks (crypto targeted kidnappings), with around 55 reported globally last year, according to TRM Labs. Lopp’s tool counted over 70 throughout last year. And this year is already looking bad, according to the tracker: 54 attacks have been documented so far.
Wrench attacks made headlines last year when crooks kidnapped David Balland, co-founder of crypto hardware wallet brand Ledger, and his wife in France.
Criminals held the pair for around 24 hours before they were rescued by the French authorities.
This post Bitcoiners Warned After French Tax Authority Confirms Data Breach Affecting Hundreds of Thousands first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Mathew Di Salvo.
Bitcoin Magazine

Citi CEO Wants ‘Good’ Crypto Clarity Act To Get Passed
Citigroup CEO Jane Fraser has said that while some improvements need to be made to the crypto Clarity Act, the bank wants a “good bill to go through.”
The banking executive said that the bank was a “leader in digital assets” so wanted “safe adoption” of the technology.
Lawmakers were trying to get a vote on the Clarity Act through before splitting for recess last week but ran out of time. A vote will now take place in September.
“We want to have good regulation that supports innovation and also encourages the safe adoption of the capabilities of digital assets,” Fraser said.
“I think it would be excellent for the system.”
A sticking point for the bill has been from the banking lobby, who raised concerns over crypto companies paying customers yield for holding stablecoins. U.S. banks have said they could lose customers if crypto exchanges offer more attractive products for their deposit base.
Fraser reiterated the point on Friday, saying that small banks play an important role in the U.S. and a reward system on deposits could have a “detrimental effect.” But she added: “We have not given up on pushing to get some improvements made to the bill, but we would like to see a good bill go through.”
America’s biggest crypto exchange, Coinbase, pulled support for the bill in January after clashing with banking chiefs who said that earning yield on stablecoins should be banned.
The Clarity Act was passed last year by the House of Representatives but has been deadlocked since 2026.
Still, the bill has been worked on by both Republicans and Democrats — despite crypto legislation being something pushed by pro-crypto President Donald Trump.
Major institutions, including Fidelity and Goldman Sachs, as well as crypto lobby groups and politicians, have said the revised bill works in its current form.
This post Citi CEO Wants ‘Good’ Crypto Clarity Act To Get Passed first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Mathew Di Salvo.
Bitcoin Magazine

Bitcoin Treasury Strategy Bites Back After MSCI Announces Possible Index Removal
Bitcoin treasury Strategy has said it “doesn’t need” Morgan Stanley Capital International after the index provider said it could remove the Bitcoin company from its Global Investable Market Indexes.
MSCI said in a consultation that it was consulting on a plan to define “Non-Operating Companies” and make them ineligible for its Global Investable Market Indexes (GIMI).
The removal of such companies would exclude companies like Strategy from indexes visible to a large pool of institutional investors. MSCI said it was weighing up the decision as Strategy is primarily known for holding a large amount of Bitcoin rather than running a traditional operating business.
Writing on X Friday, Strategy wrote: “Digital assets are assets. Index providers should measure markets, not decide which assets companies are allowed to own. MSCI’s proposal puts it out of step with regulators, markets, and its own customers.”
It added: “Bitcoin doesn’t need MSCI. Neither does Strategy.”
The consultation also included Japanese Bitcoin treasury Metaplanet, which trades on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, and uranium investment company Yellow Cake.
Based on financial filings as of May 2026, Strategy and Metaplanet already meet the criteria for removal under MSCI’s proposed rule.
If MSCI adopts the proposal as currently written and their financial profiles remain unchanged, both companies would be deleted from the MSCI ACWI IMI Index as part of the November 2026 Index Review, triggering forced selling by index-tracking funds and loss of future passive inflows.
MSCI is still gathering feedback on the proposal through September 30, and has explicitly said the consultation “may or may not result in changes to MSCI indexes” — meaning the rule could be modified, delayed, or dropped entirely based on responses from affected companies and market participants. Even if adopted, any changes to a company’s underlying financials before the review could also shift the result.
Nasdaq-listed Strategy — formerly MicroStrategy — started buying Bitcoin in August 2020 as a way to generate better returns for its shareholders during the COVID-19 pandemic.
It has since spent around $63.3 billion on Bitcoin and is the largest corporate holder of the asset. Investors can buy its shares to gain exposure to the leading cryptocurrency without having to buy and hold digital coins themselves.
Strategy spawned a long-list of copycat firms which have bought not only Bitcoin, but other cryptocurrencies to boost their stock prices.
Strategy’s stock (MSTR) was trading nearly 3% lower Friday at nearly $95 per share. MSTR year-to-date has dropped by nearly 40%.
This post Bitcoin Treasury Strategy Bites Back After MSCI Announces Possible Index Removal first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Mathew Di Salvo.
Sono Group’s transition to a Bitcoin-heavy treasury is laying bare the severe financial strain at the core of the restructured company.
With its former solar energy subsidiary now spun out as a discontinued operation, the parent company generated zero revenue during the first half of 2026. Instead, Sono has tethered its survival entirely to digital assets.
However, an Aug. 14 Form 10-Q filing reveals a stark liquidity mismatch: as of June 30, the company held just $166,000 in cash against $4.11 million in Bitcoin.
Bitcoin now occupies a central position in Sono’s continuing business accounts.
During the first six months of the year, the company spent $5 million to acquire 68.49 BTC. After accounting for option-related receipts and deliveries, its treasury stood at 69.78 BTC by the end of June. The firm stated that the fair value of these holdings stands at $4.118 million.

However, the strategy has yet to pay off as the company recorded an $890,000 net digital-asset treasury loss for the half.
To generate additional liquidity from the reserve, management has been writing weekly covered calls against its Bitcoin holdings. This strategy produced $93,000 of net option income during the first half, but the filing warns that those proceeds may not be sufficient to meet the company’s obligations.
Meanwhile, the financial pressure extends beyond the crypto portfolio.
Sono posted a $5.792 million net loss for the first half, including a $3.335 million loss from continuing operations.
The company has also relied heavily on external financing. First-half net cash provided by financing activities totaled $7.050 million, comprising $5.050 million of gross proceeds from four secured convertible debentures and another $2 million from a pre-funded warrant.
By June 30, Sono reported $5.049 million of convertible notes payable, net, against $5.050 million of gross principal outstanding. The net balance reflects accounting for the discounted debt host together with an embedded conversion derivative liability.
Those financing actions provided liquidity but did not resolve the underlying going-concern risk.
Sono says it plans to seek further debt or equity capital, while warning that additional financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Its covered-call strategy carries a similar limitation because premium income may not be enough to fund its obligations.
That leaves Bitcoin as both a treasury asset and a potential source of liquidity if other measures fall short.
Sono lists a partial Bitcoin sale among the measures available to shore up liquidity. The filing does not say such a sale has occurred or establish when one might happen.
But with no continuing-operations revenue and only $166,000 in cash as of June 30, the Bitcoin reserve has become more than a treasury investment: it is also one of the assets Sono may need to draw on to meet its obligations.
The post This public company quit solar for a $5 million Bitcoin bet, now it has just $166,000 in cash appeared first on CryptoSlate.
Nakamoto, the parent company of Bitcoin Magazine, faces a near-term balance-sheet test at year-end, when 60 million USDT of a Bitcoin-backed credit facility comes due amid tight unencumbered liquidity and heightened market volatility.
According to the company’s second-quarter regulatory filings, Nakamoto held $19.1 million in cash as of June 30, while a separate 105 million USDT tranche of the loan does not mature until June 2027.
However, assessing the firm’s near-term liquidity is complicated by its treasury structure: the vast majority of its digital asset holdings are already locked up as collateral for the facility.
At the close of the quarter, Nakamoto held 4,467 Bitcoin valued at roughly $261.5 million. Of that stockpile, 3,805 BTC, worth approximately $222.7 million, was pledged to crypto exchange Kraken to secure the loan.
That left the company with just 662 unencumbered BTC, or about $38.7 million in free digital reserves.
Combined, Nakamoto’s cash and unencumbered Bitcoin stood at roughly $57.8 million at quarter-end, narrowly trailing the 60 million USDT obligation due Dec. 4.
While this does not represent an immediate funding shortfall, since the filing notes that pledged tokens can be liquidated at maturity to extinguish the debt, it leaves Nakamoto with a limited unencumbered cushion and a heavy reliance on Bitcoin to support repayment.
The company has already shown a willingness to pare back its core holdings to reduce the facility. In June, Nakamoto offloaded about 600 BTC for 35.6 million USDT and unwound select derivative hedges, generating roughly $48 million in aggregate net proceeds.
The firm directed 45 million USDT toward paying down the facility, cutting the total balance from 210 million USDT to 165 million USDT, while extending 105 million USDT of the principal into mid-2027.
Meanwhile, the primary vulnerability between now and December remains collateral integrity.
Under the credit agreement, the annual loan fee stands at 7.75% as long as Nakamoto maintains at least 2,000 BTC in a designated account, rising to 8% if balances drop below that mark. Crucially, the 2,000 BTC marker serves strictly as a pricing tier rather than a margin trigger.

Nakamoto did not disclose the facility's specific maintenance or liquidation thresholds. A drop below the maintenance line would force the firm to post additional collateral or pay down principal, while breaching the liquidation trigger would constitute an event of default and allow Kraken to liquidate the pledged Bitcoin.
Nevertheless, the Bitcoin treasury company maintained that existing liquidity will satisfy operational cash requirements over the next 12 months, though it acknowledged that a sustained drop in Bitcoin prices could impair its ability to service debt and fund operations.
Headline results offer limited insight into the impending maturity. Nakamoto posted a second-quarter net loss of $133 million, driven primarily by a $105.2 million non-cash goodwill impairment and $48.7 million in mark-to-market losses on its digital asset portfolio.
The firm's adjusted operating income came in at $7.3 million, though that figure was heavily supported by $10.4 million in derivative revenue.
David Bailey, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Nakamoto, said:
“While our GAAP results reflect significant non-cash charges from goodwill impairment and the decline in Bitcoin’s price, this quarter we delivered the first positive adjusted operating income since Nakamoto became a Bitcoin operating company.”
The December maturity therefore leaves Nakamoto dependent on a combination of cash, unencumbered assets and pledged Bitcoin that can be sold against the loan.
With most of its BTC still committed as collateral and the facility’s maintenance and liquidation thresholds undisclosed, Bitcoin’s price will remain a key variable before the Dec. 4 payment comes due.
The post How a Bitcoin Treasury company sold 600 BTC to cut debt but still ended up with $60 million due in December appeared first on CryptoSlate.
Greenlane Holdings is a Nasdaq-listed company holding about 81.3 million BERA and BERA-equivalent units. Its token treasury ended the second quarter valued at about 77% below cost. A stayed Nasdaq rule could eventually expose the company to a $5 million listing test with no ordinary cure period.
At June 30, the treasury's $70.2 million cost basis compared with $16.4 million of fair value, according to Greenlane's quarterly filing. The 76.6% gap was a mark-to-market shortfall, not a realized loss from selling the tokens.
CryptoSlate Berachain market data puts the price at roughly $0.142. At that price, the same 81.3 million units would be worth about $11.6 million. That estimate is illustrative, not a company-reported current value. It assumes the holding was unchanged after quarter-end and that all BERA-equivalent positions value one-for-one.
Greenlane reported $6.1 million of cash at June 30, down from $32.5 million at the end of 2025. In addition, it held $8.1 million of aUSDC and sUSDe protocol instruments, presented separately from cash, against $6.5 million of current liabilities. The filing flags liquidity, redemption, counterparty, protocol and valuation risks around those instruments.
The company's $24.8 million second-quarter net loss included a $19.1 million noncash change in digital-asset fair value. It also included a separate $1.8 million impairment of its Airgraft investment. Meanwhile, Greenlane's operating loss was $3.3 million, while cash used in operations totaled about $7.1 million for the first half. These figures separate the accounting hit from cash consumed by the business.
The treasury markdown does not mechanically cause a listing failure. Nasdaq's Market Value of Listed Securities metric uses the consolidated closing bid price multiplied by listed securities. It does not use the value of Greenlane's BERA, cash or protocol assets. Nevertheless, those balances matter indirectly because they can affect investor valuation and the company's financing options.

The SEC approved Nasdaq's new $5 million MVLS requirement on July 22. The Commission stayed that approval on July 29 while it reviews the decision. The official SEC docket showed no later merits order or timetable as of Aug. 15.
The rule therefore creates no current trigger for Greenlane. If it becomes operative, however, 30 consecutive business days below $5 million in MVLS would produce a Staff Delisting Determination. That process would not include the ordinary compliance period used for many listing deficiencies. A hearing request would not stay trading suspension. A panel could reverse an error or allow up to 180 days to meet all applicable initial-listing standards. That is not a standard cure period.
Greenlane said that, as of Aug. 14, it would be below the threshold without the stay. It had received no deficiency notice or Staff Delisting Determination and was evaluating unspecified alternatives to increase MVLS.
Using Greenlane's disclosed 694,544 shares and its $1.93 Aug. 13 close gives a one-day proxy of about $1.34 million. With that share count fixed, $5 million would require roughly $7.20 per share, about 273% above $1.93.
Separately, a dilutive raise is not mathematically required. A sufficient share-price recovery could lift MVLS without issuing stock. For that reason, at the disclosed share count, clearing the threshold would require that steep price increase. Greenlane disclosed no specific route, and a single day's price cannot establish a 30-business-day compliance result.
The post How a public firm’s $70 million altcoin bet crashed 77% and left it facing Nasdaq delisting appeared first on CryptoSlate.
Bitcoin market cap must rise to ARK Invest's roughly $16 trillion 2030 base case, requiring about 78.6% annual growth from the current level; institutions and digital-gold adoption carry almost the entire scenario.
CryptoSlate's Bitcoin market cap stands at near $1,263,920,244,537. Reaching $16 trillion by Dec. 31, 2030, from that point requires a 12.659-fold increase in a little over four years.
However, July 2026 spot-Bitcoin ETF flows expose weak demand in the most visible US institutional channel. The current Farside daily table sums to just $172.8 million of net inflows for US spot-Bitcoin exchange-traded funds. ARK's scenario reaches far beyond one month and one access channel, but today's lower market value has made the remaining climb steeper.
ARK's Big Ideas 2026 report states that Bitcoin could compound about 63% annually during the five years to 2030, rising from nearly $2 trillion to roughly $16 trillion.
Three different growth rates matter here because each uses a different starting point or clock.
ARK's published 63% rate belongs to its own approximate model baseline. Treating the displayed endpoints as exactly $2 trillion and $16 trillion across five full years produces 51.6% annual growth. A 63% five-year rate ending at $16 trillion implies a starting value near $1.39 trillion. ARK uses rounded language and does not publish the unrounded input on the page, leaving the visible figures internally non-reproducible without more precision.
The 78.6% figure starts later and lower. It runs from CryptoSlate's Aug. 15, 2026 snapshot through the end of 2030. It is a current-baseline calculation, separate from ARK's stated rate.
In ARK's additive framework, six demand assumptions generate about $15.948 trillion of modeled market-cap impact:
| Demand bucket | ARK base-case assumption | Modeled 2030 market-cap impact |
|---|---|---|
| Institutional investment | 2.5% of a roughly $200T global market portfolio excluding gold | About $5T |
| Digital gold | 40% of ARK's $24.4T gold-market estimate | About $9.8T |
| Emerging-market safe haven | 0.5% of a roughly $68T emerging-market M2 base | About $339B |
| Nation-state treasuries | 2.5% of roughly $15T in global reserves excluding gold | About $375B |
| Corporate treasuries | 2.5% of roughly $7T in global cash and equivalents | About $172B |
| Bitcoin on-chain financial services | 40% annual growth from a roughly $35B market | About $262B |
Institutional investment and digital gold total $14.8 trillion, or 92.8% of the calculated base case. The model therefore succeeds or fails mainly on Bitcoin gaining a much larger role in global portfolios and in the monetary use case now served by gold. The other four buckets collectively account for 7.2%.

Meanwhile, Farside's 22 July daily totals produce $172.8 million. XBTO reported $172.4 million and described July as the weakest positive month of 2026 through that point. The public sources give no reason for the $400,000 difference, making approximately $173 million the appropriate narrative figure.
For comparison, a mechanical annualization produces $2.07 billion, based on $172.8 million multiplied by 12. Monthly ETF flows can swing sharply, so that figure works as a scale comparison rather than a forecast.
Likewise, ETF net flow and market capitalization describe different market processes. ETF data measures creations and redemptions. Bitcoin market cap is the latest traded price multiplied by circulating supply. Marginal transactions can reset the price applied across that supply, allowing market value to move by more or less than the dollars entering an ETF.
ARK's valuation methodology likewise builds terminal values from adoption rates, addressable markets and projected Bitcoin supply. Its $5 trillion institutional component represents a modeled value outcome from 2.5% penetration of a global portfolio. It does not specify $5 trillion of ETF subscriptions.
Still, the recent institutional evidence points to weak traction. BlackRock's IBIT quarterly filing shows $4.286 billion of second-quarter contributions and $7.236 billion of redemptions, producing a $2.951 billion net decrease in assets from capital-share transactions. Those transactions can occur in kind, which makes the filing measure distinct from investor cash flow. IBIT's shares outstanding rose just 0.4105% between June 30 and July 31.
Price response remains equally non-mechanical. ARK estimated that US spot ETFs and asset treasuries absorbed 1.2 times newly mined supply plus recirculated dormant Bitcoin in 2025. Bitcoin's price still fell 6.2% that year.
Together, these observations make July a warning about one major route to ARK's institutional target. They do not measure pension allocations, direct custody or the entire global portfolio in ARK's denominator.
Size and current observable traction make institutional investment and digital gold the most consequential risks.
The institutional case needs Bitcoin to reach 2.5% of ARK's roughly $200 trillion global portfolio excluding gold. The US ETF channel currently supplies the most visible daily evidence, and July showed minimal net demand. A broader judgment needs multi-period ETF data alongside direct institutional holdings, treasury positions and other custody channels.
Digital gold carries more weight at roughly $9.8 trillion, yet its denominator remains open to interpretation. The World Gold Council valued all above-ground gold at about $31 trillion at the end of 2025 and classified more than $15 trillion as investable or financial gold. ARK uses a separate $24.4 trillion gold-market input. These figures describe different scopes, placing ARK's denominator between the Council's all-gold and investable-gold measures.
The base case ultimately needs evidence that Bitcoin is capturing monetary demand associated with gold, not merely benefiting from a larger gold valuation. ARK itself enlarged the digital-gold addressable market after gold's market value rose 64.5% in 2025.
By contrast, ARK's emerging-market assumption has already moved in the opposite direction. ARK cut base-case penetration from 2.5% to 0.5%, an 80% reduction, as stablecoins gained ground in developing economies. The International Monetary Fund estimated that gross cross-border USDT and USDC flows increased from $12 billion in the first quarter of 2020 to $316 billion in the first quarter of 2025, with a large share directed to emerging markets. That growth supports the competitive pressure behind ARK's revision, while ARK alone supplies the exact 80% model adjustment.
Sovereign adoption remains a smaller, policy-dependent component. The US Strategic Bitcoin Reserve was established in March 2025 with forfeited Bitcoin as its initial funding. The policy directs officials to develop budget-neutral acquisition strategies, without mandating funded open-market purchases.
A separate bill that would require 200,000 BTC in annual purchases has been introduced but not enacted. That distinction leaves current US policy centered on retention rather than a scheduled bid.
Corporate holdings can move in both directions. In a July 6 Strategy filing, the company reported that it had sold 3,588 BTC for $216 million from June 29 through July 5 to fund preferred-stock distributions and replenish a dollar reserve. One company's sale cannot measure the entire corporate bucket, but it demonstrates that financing needs can turn a treasury holder into a seller.
ARK publishes an endpoint scenario. A smooth compounding curve from the Aug. 15 snapshot provides analyst-created monitoring markers for that endpoint:
| Observation date | Market cap on a constant path |
|---|---|
| Dec. 31, 2026 | $1.57T |
| Dec. 31, 2027 | $2.81T |
| Dec. 31, 2028 | $5.02T |
| Dec. 31, 2029 | $8.96T |
| Dec. 31, 2030 | $16.00T |
Bitcoin can overshoot or undershoot any single point. Two consecutive year-end misses, paired with flat or falling multi-period evidence for institutional allocation and digital-gold adoption, would make the base case materially less plausible because the required growth rate for the remaining years would rise.
The 2030 deadline supplies the hard test. ARK's base case fails on its own terms if institutional penetration does not approach 2.5%, evidence remains incompatible with a roughly $9.8 trillion digital-gold component, and the six modeled impacts do not support a Bitcoin market cap near $16 trillion.
Interim institutional monitoring should use a rolling 12-month ETF window together with disclosed direct holdings and treasury positions. Digital-gold monitoring should track whether Bitcoin's monetary role and overall capitalization are becoming consistent with ARK's modeled component. Stablecoin use, sovereign acquisition policy, corporate net buying and Bitcoin financial-services growth then show whether the smaller buckets are adding support or introducing further shortfalls.
July's approximately $173 million ETF inflow raises the burden of proof for the institutional path. The $16 trillion scenario now depends on visible acceleration across institutions and digital gold, while Bitcoin market cap must sustain a 78.6% annual climb from the Aug. 15 baseline.
The post Slowing ETF demand and corporate treasury selling are breaking the math behind Wall Street’s $16 trillion Bitcoin target appeared first on CryptoSlate.
Oxbridge Re Holdings supplied about 95% of the $781,767 raised by SurancePlus’s two T20 and T42 Solana-based placements. Those two offerings were part of the five placements behind Oxbridge’s broader $7.1 million headline, according to the company’s Aug. 13 filing.
SurancePlus, Oxbridge’s 80%-owned tokenized reinsurance subsidiary, offered the two products, T20 and T42. Oxbridge contributed approximately $744,623, while third-party investors supplied approximately $37,143. Using the reported total as the denominator, the split was about 95.25% parent-funded and 4.75% third-party-funded.

Oxbridge consolidates controlled subsidiaries, including SurancePlus, so the parent-funded subscription came from inside the group rather than independent investors. The filing does not explain how the consolidated accounts eliminated that specific transaction.
The $7.1 million aggregate in Oxbridge’s earnings release combined the T20 and T42 placements with three securities linked to HCI Group’s reinsurance business. Those HCI-linked series produced $6.323 million in gross subscription proceeds. Added to the T20 and T42 proceeds, the disclosed amounts total about $7.105 million, which rounds to the company’s headline figure.
The filing identifies the HCI-series purchasers only as “investors.” It does not name them or divide the proceeds between outside and related parties. The filings therefore do not support counting the $6.323 million as independently verified third-party demand, and they do not establish that HCI supplied the subscription proceeds.
Meanwhile, HCI provided separate collateral. A detailed filing note says HCI contributed approximately $6.19 million directly to three trust accounts. The same note attributes a separate deposit of about $5.8 million in net HCI-token proceeds to “the Company,” and says the accounts held $12.02 million at June 30. Gross subscriptions, net deposits, collateral and trust assets are different measures.
Oxbridge identifies HCI as a related entity through common directorship. HCI has described the tokens as synthetic contractual exposure that mirrors specified participations in Fortex Reinsurance’s program without affecting HCI’s or Fortex Re’s underlying reinsurance arrangements.
The T20 and T42 instruments are not shares in SurancePlus. Under the offering terms, they confer contractual rights but no ownership, voting, dividend, preemptive or conversion rights. Returns depend on allocated underwriting profits, while losses on the underlying reinsurance contracts can reduce them, making them conditional rather than fixed yields.
The disclosed third-party demand was approximately $37,143 for SurancePlus’s T20 and T42. However, the filings do not reveal enough about purchasers in the HCI-linked offerings to calculate independent demand across the full $7.1 million.
The post Inside the Solana reinsurance sale where parent company Oxbridge supplied 95% of public token demand appeared first on CryptoSlate.
The information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice. Cryptocurrency investments carry a high degree of risk.
An NFT collection on Robinhood Chain now has a higher floor price than Bored Ape Yacht Club. It has 630 owners. And its price is not really a price at all — it is a formula. Here is what StonkBrokers actually does, why the math behind the floor matters more than the chart, and what the rest of the Robinhood Chain NFT market looks like.
New to the chain itself? Start with our guide to Robinhood Chain and the memecoins, then come back here.
Robinhood Chain launched on 1 July 2026 and was immediately taken over by memecoins. By mid-July, a second wave started: NFTs.
By 23 July, seven collections had traded more than 1,500 ETH between them — pyopyopyopyo, StonkBrokers, OnChainHoodies, Gremlin Cartel, Robinhood Punks, Cash Cats and Robbin Hood Babies. Two and a half weeks later the field has consolidated hard around a single name.
| Collection | Floor (11 Aug 2026) | 24h volume | Sales |
|---|---|---|---|
| StonkBrokers | 13.41 ETH (~$25,100) | $120,686 | 5 |
| Chain Mancers | 1.06 ETH | $149,099 | 70 |
| Cash Cats | 0.088 ETH | $89,606 | 555 |
| Zaibatsu Wagies | 0.30 ETH | $61,507 | 103 |
| MonkeyHood | 0.032 ETH | $39,489 | 436 |
Total NFT volume across the chain over 24 hours: roughly $979,000 (CoinGecko, 11 August 2026). Note the shape of it: StonkBrokers carries about an eighth of that volume on five sales, while Cash Cats does a comparable number on 555. One is a market. The other is a handful of very large tickets.
That table is the 11 August snapshot and is left standing as one. The StonkBrokers floor has come off hard since: 11.5 ETH on 14 August and 9.95 ETH on 17 August, down 26% from the 13.41 ETH peak, which is the move the rest of this article is about.
The collection launched on 17 July 2026 from Clutch Markets. There were 4,444 items and the mint was never open to the public — access was earned by burning older NFTs from the same team.
The technical core is ERC-6551, a standard that gives an NFT its own on-chain wallet, known as a token bound account. The NFT stops being a picture and becomes a container.
Three things follow from that:
Every broker was seeded with stock. At mint, each token bound account received a random tokenized equity token — TSLA, AMZN, NVDA, PLTR and others. It can be withdrawn at any time.
Activated brokers earn more stock. Paying a one-time fee in $STONKBROKER "activates" a broker across five tiers, from 66,666 to 1,666,666 tokens, worth a 1x to 3.33x reward weight. Half of every activation fee is burned.
Activation dies on transfer. Sell or move the NFT and the activation clears. The new owner has to pay again. The wallet contents travel with the NFT; the yield entitlement does not.
The rewards come from the collection's own NFT AMM, called Anvil. Seventy percent of the ETH trading fees accumulate in a pool, and when it is full any wallet can trigger a "Clock In" — the ETH buys tokenized stocks, which are distributed pro rata to activated brokers.
It is the most literal expression of what Robinhood Chain was built for: an NFT that is a securities account. It is also a closed loop.
This is the part almost every write-up skips.
The Anvil AMM prices every broker at a fixed reference of 666,666 $STONKBROKER, plus a 10% fee in ETH. So run the arithmetic with the token at $0.02333403 (CoinGecko, 17 August 2026):
666,666 × $0.02333403 ≈ $15,556, plus fee ≈ ~$17,112
CoinGecko puts the actual floor at 9.95 ETH, or $18,647, on the same day: about 9% above the AMM price including the fee. That gap has now flipped twice in a week. On 14 August the floor sat 2% below the mint-equivalent price, and three days before that it stood 5% above. Watch where the flip comes from, because it is not the NFT: between 14 and 17 August the token fell 22% while the floor gave up 13.5%. The reference price dropped out from under the secondary market, and buying from a holder became the expensive route again.
So the NFT is not being bid up. The token is, and the NFT follows. In the seven days to 11 August the token gained 111.8% and the floor gained 107.9%, the same move to within four percentage points. The reverse leg is visible in the same data, but it is not a clean mirror. Between 11 and 14 August the floor fell faster than the token, 14.2% against 8.4%. Between 14 and 17 August it was the other way round, 13.5% against 22%. The link is real and it is loose: the floor is quoted in ETH and trades in lumps of five sales a day, so it lags the token in both directions rather than tracking it minute by minute. That lag is exactly where the premium appears and disappears.
There is a second number worth sitting with. 4,444 NFTs × 666,666 tokens = 2.96 billion tokens. The entire total supply of $STONKBROKER is 2.717 billion. The collection cannot be bought at its own reference price even if every token in existence were used for it. The quoted NFT market cap of $82.9M therefore still exceeds the token's full diluted valuation of roughly $63.4M. It is an accounting artifact, not wealth.
CoinGecko reports 630 unique owners against 4,444 items, 14.2%, or roughly 7.1 NFTs per holder. For context, Bored Ape Yacht Club sits at 5,670 owners across 9,998 items, or 56.7% (CoinGecko, 17 August 2026).
Part of that is a measurement artifact: NFTs sitting in the Anvil vault all belong to one contract address and count as a single owner. Part of it is real. The mint was whitelist-only through a burn of a previous collection, so the distribution started narrow and never widened.
The practical consequence is not moral, it is mechanical. A low free float means a small number of addresses can move the floor, and the primary exit route pays out in $STONKBROKER, not in ETH. You are trading one illiquid asset for another.
Strip the mechanics down and the loop looks like this:
Traders buy brokers → fees accumulate → fees buy tokenized stocks → stocks are distributed to activated brokers → the yield attracts more traders.
Nothing in that loop is external. The "stock yield" is redistributed trading fees, not revenue from outside the system. If volume falls, the StockBooster pool fills more slowly, drops shrink, and the reason to activate weakens — which reduces token demand, which lowers the AMM reference price, which lowers the floor.
That is not a criticism of the design. It is a description of it. Reflexive systems work beautifully upward and unwind at the same speed.
One roadmap date is left as fuel: a vote-directed DEX plus an NFT options desk on 29 August. The launchpad was due on 11 August. The floor peaked at 13.41 ETH on that same day and has come off 26% since; the token set its own peak of $0.03699 on 9 August and trades about 37% below it. Anyone entering here is entering after the move and after the first leg down, not before either.
The floor is the entry ticket, not the position.
| Step | Cost (17 Aug 2026) |
|---|---|
| Buy a broker | 9.95 ETH (~$18,650) |
| Activate, tier 1 (1x) | 66,666 $STONKBROKER (~$1,556) |
| Activate, top tier (3.33x) | 1,666,666 $STONKBROKER (~$38,890) |
| On resale | activation clears — the next owner pays again |
Borrowing is also possible: lock a broker as collateral for a 666,666 $STONKBROKER loan at 15% annualized, with the fees feeding the same reward pool.
Before committing to any of it, the number that matters is the one nobody publishes: the actual daily stock-token payout per activated broker. Without it, no payback period can be calculated, and "yield" is a word, not a figure.
Two things sit underneath every position on this chain.
L2Beat rates Robinhood Chain below Stage 0. Only two whitelisted actors can challenge an incorrect state, there is no exit window, and contracts are upgradeable with no delay. Proof data does live on Ethereum, which is the genuinely good part.
The scam environment is active. Nine days after launch, Protos documented fake contracts, honeypots and individual losses up to $56,000. On 23 July, Vlad Tenev's X account was compromised and used to promote a fraudulent "VLAD" token; the associated wallets pulled roughly 650 ETH, around $1.2–1.3 million. Hijacked SpaceXAI and Starlink accounts pushed a separate rug.
For NFTs specifically, the pattern to watch is the mint page. StonkBrokers minted out in July, which means any site advertising a live free mint for it today is, by definition, not the official one. Verify the domain through the project's verified channels every single time.
StonkBrokers is the most interesting thing built on Robinhood Chain so far, and ERC-6551 token bound accounts are a genuinely useful primitive — an NFT that custodies real assets solves a problem that JPEG collections never could.
But the current price says almost nothing about that. It says the token doubled. Anyone buying the floor today is buying leveraged exposure to $STONKBROKER, wrapped in an asset that is harder to sell, with the floor at an all-time high and the token about 10% below the peak it set on 9 August — three weeks into a project whose main modules have not shipped yet.
The idea deserves attention. The entry point deserves scepticism.
For the wider picture — the chain, the memecoin wave and the tokenized stocks — see our Robinhood Chain guide.
What is StonkBrokers? A collection of 4,444 NFTs on Robinhood Chain, launched 17 July 2026 by Clutch Markets. Each NFT owns an ERC-6551 token bound account that holds tokenized stocks and can receive further stock tokens as rewards once activated.
Why is the StonkBrokers floor price higher than Bored Ape Yacht Club? Because it is pegged to a token, not set by open bidding. The project's own AMM prices each NFT at 666,666 $STONKBROKER plus a 10% ETH fee, so the floor rises and falls with the token.
Do I earn rewards just by holding $STONKBROKER? No. Rewards go only to activated NFTs. The token gives liquid exposure to the ecosystem and is required to buy and activate a broker, but it does not earn stock distributions by itself.
What is ERC-6551? A standard that gives an NFT its own on-chain wallet, called a token bound account. The NFT can then hold and control other tokens — which is what allows a StonkBroker to hold tokenized equities.
Is there a Robinhood Chain token or airdrop? No. The chain uses ETH for gas and no native token or airdrop has ever been announced. Any offer claiming otherwise is a scam.
How the memecoin wave on Robinhood Chain started, which tokens carry it and how to tell a durable move from pure circular volume is covered in the Robinhood Chain memecoins explainer — the backstory to every figure above.
If you want to act on it, the first question is where you can legally trade: the crypto exchange comparison lists the providers licensed under MiCA, with fees and regional limits.
CoinGecko (NFT collection and token data), stonkbrokers.cash, clutch.markets, Odaily, AirdropAlert, OpenSea, L2Beat, DefiLlama, growthepie, KuCoin News, Protos, Cryptopolitan, U.Today, CoinDesk, Decrypt. Market data refreshed 17 August 2026; the collection comparison table and the seven-day figures are explicitly dated 11 August and left as the snapshot they were.
Note on AI use: AI tools were used for this article – in research and drafting, and for the header image, which is AI-generated and does not depict a real event. All figures, claims and sources are editorially checked before publication.
Many bitcoin investors move into stablecoins for a while when the market turns volatile. Rather than cashing out into euros, they swap their bitcoin for a token designed to track the US dollar or the euro as closely as possible. In economic terms the operation looks a great deal like a sale into a state-issued currency.
Austrian tax law draws a decisive distinction here. Where the stablecoin received qualifies as a cryptocurrency within the meaning of the Income Tax Act, a direct swap counts in principle as a crypto-to-crypto transaction. For bitcoin classed as new assets, that step does not yet trigger tax on the price gain accumulated so far.
The liability is deferred rather than cancelled. The historical acquisition costs of the bitcoin carry across to the stablecoins received. Once those stablecoins are later sold for euros or US dollars, the appreciation originally built up in bitcoin can become taxable.
A stablecoin is meant to hold its value against a reference through a defined mechanism. The US dollar serves as that reference in most cases. Other stablecoins track the euro, different asset classes, or a basket of several values.
According to the Austrian finance ministry, stablecoins can fall under the cryptocurrency definition set out in Section 27b of the Income Tax Act. The ministry names Tether as an explicit example. Among the decisive criteria: the token has to be accepted as a means of exchange and be capable of electronic transfer, storage and trading.

A dollar-pegged stablecoin therefore does not become an actual US dollar for tax purposes. Tracking a state currency changes nothing about the basic position that the investor holds a digital token rather than legal tender.
Classifying a stablecoin as e-money under supervisory law does not automatically rule out treatment as a cryptocurrency either, according to the Austrian income tax guidelines. Tax classification and financial market classification need not line up completely.
Under the crypto tax regime currently in force in Austria, swapping one cryptocurrency for another does not in principle constitute a taxable disposal.
Where a private individual swaps bitcoin directly for a stablecoin that meets the statutory definition of a cryptocurrency, the bitcoin gain accrued up to that point is therefore generally left untaxed at the moment of the swap. The Austrian finance ministry confirms explicitly that no realisation takes place in a crypto-to-crypto swap.
This applies in particular to bitcoin acquired after February 28, 2021, which counts as so-called new assets.
A simplified example:
Although the position shows an economic gain of 40,000 euros, a direct swap into a stablecoin recognised for tax purposes generally attracts no tax at that stage. The investor now holds stablecoins worth 60,000 euros. Their acquisition costs for tax purposes, however, are not automatically 60,000 euros.
In a tax-neutral crypto-to-crypto swap, the acquisition costs of the cryptocurrency given up transfer to the cryptocurrency received.
In the example above, the bitcoin was originally bought for 20,000 euros. Those very acquisition costs pass across to the stablecoins in principle.
The tax position then looks like this:
Market value of the stablecoins: 60,000 euros
Acquisition costs carried over: 20,000 euros
Appreciation not yet realised: 40,000 euros
Moving into stablecoins does not reset the tax history. The appreciation achieved so far stays in place and is taken into account at a later taxable realisation.
Seen from Austria, stablecoins are therefore no instrument for locking in a bitcoin gain free of tax for good. They can push back the moment of taxation, yet they generally leave the latent tax burden intact.

Once the stablecoins are later sold for euros, the transaction is no longer a tax-neutral crypto-to-crypto step. Swapping a cryptocurrency for euros or for a recognised foreign currency counts as a taxable realisation.
That covers in particular:
Continuing the example:
The stablecoins themselves gained little to nothing in value, yet the sale captures the gain built up earlier in bitcoin. The reason lies in the acquisition costs of 20,000 euros carried forward.

The principle extends beyond dollar stablecoins. A token pegged to the euro can likewise remain a cryptocurrency for tax purposes. Swapping bitcoin for a euro stablecoin is therefore not automatically the same as selling bitcoin for real euros. Where the token meets the definition in Section 27b(4) of the Income Tax Act, a tax-neutral crypto-to-crypto swap can still be in play.
What matters is more than how precisely the stablecoin mirrors one euro. The relevant question is which asset the investor actually receives:
Investors should therefore look past the trading name or the ticker of the token.
The finance ministry chooses its words carefully: stablecoins can fall under the cryptocurrency definition. It follows that the assessment depends on how the individual token is structured.
A tax-neutral swap requires both the bitcoin given up and the token received to be cryptocurrencies within the meaning of Section 27b(4) of the Income Tax Act. Where bitcoin is swapped for a token classed for tax purposes as a security, a receivable, an asset token, a derivative or another economic asset, the exemption for crypto-to-crypto swaps does not apply.
The Austrian finance ministry points out, for instance, that certain asset tokens and NFTs fall outside the cryptocurrency definition. Depending on their structure, different tax rules govern them.
A closer review may be needed for:

Some crypto exchanges offer a trading pair between bitcoin and a stablecoin while internally settling the operation through euros or another fiat currency.
The account statement may then show two technical entries, for example:
This does not necessarily produce a taxable intermediate realisation. Under the Austrian income tax guidelines, the operation as a whole can still be treated as a tax-neutral crypto-to-crypto swap where the investor clearly placed an order for such a swap, has no influence over the technical settlement and at no point can dispose of the fiat amount shown in between. The sequence also has to be documented unambiguously.
The picture can differ where the user genuinely sells bitcoin for euros first and then decides independently whether and when to buy a stablecoin with the euro balance.
In economic terms there are then usually two separate operations:
The decisive factors are therefore the end result together with the order the user placed and whether a freely available fiat balance accrued to them in the meantime.
Trading or transaction fees often arise on a direct swap of bitcoin into a stablecoin.
Under Austrian administrative practice, expenses directly connected with a tax-neutral crypto-to-crypto swap are irrelevant for tax purposes at the moment of the swap. They count neither as additional acquisition costs, nor does paying them in cryptocurrency generally trigger a taxable realisation of its own.
That sets these fees apart from network fees on a pure wallet transfer. Where bitcoin is merely moved to another address belonging to the same owner and the network fee is paid in bitcoin, the fee coins can constitute a taxable swap against a transaction service.
Fees on the crypto-to-crypto swap itself benefit from a specific exception. Investors should therefore record whether a fee belonged directly to the swap or arose for a separate withdrawal or wallet transfer.

Where the investor later swaps the stablecoins directly back into bitcoin, that step is in principle another tax-neutral crypto-to-crypto swap, provided both tokens satisfy the statutory cryptocurrency definition.
The original acquisition costs then transfer from the stablecoins to the newly received bitcoin.
Example:
After the swap back, the acquisition costs of the new bitcoin generally remain 20,000 euros for tax purposes. The appreciation of 40,000 euros stays untaxed yet stored in the tax record. The gain is generally realised only on a later sale of the bitcoin for euros or on another taxable use.
Stablecoins carry risk. Their market value can fall below the intended reference value temporarily or permanently. A depeg, as it is known, can carry tax consequences too.
Example:
The taxable gain in this case generally amounts to:
45,000 euros in proceeds minus 20,000 euros in acquisition costs = 25,000 euros in gain
The investor has lost 15,000 euros in economic terms against the value at which the stablecoins were acquired, and a taxable gain of 25,000 euros nonetheless remains. The reason is that the original bitcoin acquisition costs were carried forward.
Where the sale proceeds fall below the acquisition costs carried over, a loss relevant for tax purposes can arise.
Example:
Subject to the statutory restrictions, that loss can generally be offset against certain positive investment income. Offsetting it freely against salary or self-employed income is not provided for.
Simply holding a stablecoin triggers no ongoing taxation in principle. The position changes once the tokens are lent out or committed to certain DeFi or yield products.
Consideration for making cryptocurrencies available falls under current income from cryptocurrencies pursuant to Section 27b(2) of the Income Tax Act. This covers lending income in particular, along with certain rewards for supplying tokens to liquidity or lending pools. Such income is generally valued and taxed at the moment it accrues.
What that means:
Platforms do not always use terms such as "staking", "earn", "rewards" or "savings" in their tax sense. The actual economic substance governs. Where the arrangement amounts to lending in truth, the yield can be taxable as soon as it accrues.
The tax-neutral crypto-to-crypto rule in Section 27b covers cryptocurrencies acquired after February 28, 2021. Bitcoin from earlier purchases generally counts as legacy assets and remains subject to the previous tax system.
Swapping legacy holdings constitutes, in legal terms, a disposal of the old bitcoin and a fresh acquisition of the stablecoin received. Whether that disposal is actually taxable depends on the earlier tax classification and above all on the speculation period applicable at the time.
For legacy holdings held privately over many years, the former one-year speculation period has usually expired already. In such a case the swap of the old bitcoin can be free of tax. The stablecoin received then generally counts as a new asset. Its acquisition costs are usually set at the market value of the bitcoin given up at the time of the swap. The finance ministry confirms this treatment for comparable swaps involving legacy crypto holdings.
Example:
As far as the old bitcoin is concerned, the swap can remain free of tax. The stablecoins received then count as new assets with acquisition costs of 70,000 euros in principle. Selling them later for 70,000 euros usually produces no further gain.
The situation can look different for business holdings, legacy holdings deployed to earn interest, or other special cases. Legacy holdings should therefore be documented separately from new assets.

Austrian crypto service providers are generally obliged to withhold capital gains tax on certain crypto income accruing after December 31, 2023. On a tax-neutral swap of bitcoin for a qualifying stablecoin, no withholding tax should generally fall due on the deferred gain.
Once the stablecoin is later sold for euros, an Austrian provider can calculate and withhold the tax using the acquisition costs it has stored or been notified of.
Foreign exchanges frequently apply no Austrian withholding. Taxable gains then generally have to be reported in the income tax return. Since the 2025 calendar year, Austrian withholding agents have had to supply standardised tax reporting for crypto income on request.
Difficulties can arise where the platform does not know the original bitcoin acquisition costs. Where a move between exchanges or wallets fails to carry the full data across, the automatic tax calculation can diverge from the actual outcome.
For a bitcoin to stablecoin swap, the following information in particular should be recorded:
The chain of acquisition costs matters most of all. Without it, a later stablecoin sale cannot be calculated correctly.
A direct swap of bitcoin for a stablecoin generally triggers no tax in Austria on crypto new assets, provided the stablecoin received itself counts as a cryptocurrency within the meaning of Section 27b of the Income Tax Act.
The bitcoin appreciation accrued up to that point does not disappear, though. The original acquisition costs transfer to the stablecoin. On a later sale for euros, US dollars, goods or services, the deferred gain is generally realised and can be taxed at 27.5 percent.
Stablecoins can serve as an instrument for reducing price risk temporarily. What they do not offer in Austria is a way to realise a gain free of tax for good.
The XRP price is trading at $0.9996 at the time of writing. Not above $1. Not comfortably below it. Exactly on the line that has defined the token's entire summer.
The weekly candle tells the story better than any headline: open at $1.0289, high at $1.0402, low at $0.9852, close at $0.9996, down 2.87% on the week. XRP has now poked below the psychological $1 mark several times in August and clawed its way back each time, but every recovery has been weaker than the last. The bounces are getting smaller, the closes are getting lower, and the buyers who defended this level in June and July are visibly running out of ammunition.
That matters far more than it sounds, because XRP is not falling on its own bad news. It is falling in a market where Bitcoin itself is struggling. And if BTC loses its own footing, XRP does not have a soft landing waiting below.
$1 is the last structural support XRP has left before a long air pocket down to $0.90 and $0.80. It is not just a round number, it is where buyers have repeatedly stepped in since late June, and it is now the only thing separating $XRP from levels it has not traded at in almost two years.
Round numbers matter in crypto because they concentrate orders. Stop losses cluster just beneath them, limit buys stack just above them, and derivatives desks build positions around them. XRP has spent roughly two months grinding sideways against this line, which means an enormous amount of leverage has been built directly on top of it.
When that kind of level breaks with conviction rather than in a wick, the resulting move is rarely orderly. The stops trigger, the liquidations cascade, and the price does not stop at the first sign of demand. It stops where the next real bid sits.
XRP is trading below its 200-week EMA at $1.3745, its weekly RSI has fallen to 31.02 against a signal line at 33.50, and the entire structure since March has been a clean series of lower highs and lower lows.

Break that down:
The performance table underlines how relentless this has been. XRP is down 3.80% over one week, 7.99% over one month, 32.78% over six months, 45.67% year to date, and 67.54% over twelve months. Even the five year figure is negative at 22.29%. This is not a healthy asset taking a breather. This is an asset in a sustained, multi-quarter distribution.
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This is the part most XRP holders are underestimating.
XRP has no independent bid right now. If Bitcoin breaks below $60,000, XRP loses $1 almost mechanically, and the next levels that offer any real support are $0.9049 and $0.8052.

Bitcoin is currently stuck around $63,000 after repeatedly failing to reclaim $65,000. Analysts are watching support in the $60,000 to $61,000 zone, with resistance stretching toward $65,000 to $66,000, and the 0.618 Fibonacci retracement near $57,825 marked as the clearest support on the weekly chart. In other words, BTC has maybe 4% of cushion before it enters a zone where its own structure starts breaking.
Altcoins do not fall proportionally with Bitcoin in these moments. They fall harder. A 5% $BTC drawdown routinely translates into 8% to 12% on a weak large cap altcoin, and XRP is currently one of the weakest large caps in the market by flow data. If BTC slides from $63,000 toward $57,800, that is a 8.3% move for Bitcoin. Applied to XRP with a typical high beta multiplier, that alone would put XRP in the $0.85 to $0.90 region without a single piece of XRP-specific bad news.
That is the asymmetry XRP holders need to understand. XRP does not need its own catastrophe. It just needs Bitcoin to have a bad two weeks.
The two levels that matter are $0.9049 and $0.8052. Between $1 and $0.90 there is very little historical trading activity, which means the drop can be fast and shallow on volume.
Here is the downside map:
| Level | Type | Distance from $0.9996 |
|---|---|---|
| $1.0000 | Current battleground | 0% |
| $0.9049 | First major support | -9.5% |
| $0.8052 | Second major support | -19.5% |
| $0.6200 | Deeper structural zone | -38% |
The $0.90 area is the first genuine test. It lines up with prior consolidation from the 2024 range and it is where a lot of longer-term accumulation sat before the late-2024 breakout. If sellers push through it, $0.8052 becomes the line that decides whether this is a deep correction or a full retrace of the entire 2024 to 2025 move.
Below $0.80 the chart is essentially empty until the $0.60 region. That is not a prediction, it is just what the volume profile looks like.
Because the institutional money that was supposed to be XRP's catalyst simply is not showing up.
Weekly net inflows into US spot XRP ETFs collapsed 93% to $1.01 million for the week ending August 8, down from $14.86 million the previous week, even though the seven spot XRP ETFs hold roughly $1 billion in combined assets. There have been multiple days this month with literally zero net flow activity, something Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs did not experience once over the same stretch.
Meanwhile, the CLARITY Act missed its window before the Senate recess, which pushes any legislative clarity on XRP's commodity status to September at the earliest. The single biggest regulatory catalyst on XRP's calendar has been kicked down the road, and the market has repriced accordingly.
There is one genuine counterpoint. Whale wallets holding more than 10 million XRP have been absorbing over 10 million tokens per day, and large holder outflows from Binance now account for 91% of total exchange outflows, the highest concentration since 2024. Someone with size is buying. Whether that is conviction accumulation or slow-motion bag catching will only be clear in hindsight, and whales have been early before.
XRP needs a weekly close above $1.22 to neutralise the immediate bearish structure, and a reclaim of $1.30 to $1.3745 to genuinely flip the trend.
The sequence looks like this:
Realistically, step one is the only thing on the table this month. Everything above requires either a Bitcoin recovery above $70,000 or a hard regulatory catalyst, and neither is scheduled before September.
XRP is not in a dip. It is in a downtrend that has now compressed against its final support, with weekly momentum deteriorating, institutional flows evaporating, and its main regulatory catalyst delayed to September. The token has broken below $1 several times already, and each defence has been thinner than the last.
The dangerous part is not XRP's own chart. It is that XRP has become almost entirely a leveraged expression of Bitcoin's direction, and Bitcoin is sitting 4% above a support zone that analysts already consider the last clean line on the chart. If BTC goes, XRP does not drift lower. It gaps to $0.90, and if that fails, $0.80.
For traders, the levels are simple: $1 decides everything, $1.22 changes the picture, $0.9049 and $0.8052 are where you find out how bad it gets.
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Toncoin changes hands at 1.3260 USD, roughly 62.5 percent below the twelve-month high of 3.5328 USD reached on 14 August 2025. A discount of that size is what keeps the question alive: is Toncoin a good buy at current prices, or has the market marked the asset down for reasons that have not gone away?
One point needs clearing up first. The listing formerly known as Toncoin now trades as Gram, ticker GRAM, and the project's own site at ton.org uses the new name throughout. It is the same listing under a new label rather than a fork or a token swap. We keep the familiar name here because that is what readers search for.
cryptoticker.io collected the price data for this analysis on 14 August 2026. Market data comes from CoinMarketCap, and every indicator quoted here was calculated in house from 365 daily closing prices using standard formulas: exponential moving averages for the trend, Wilder's method for the relative strength index.
At 1.3260 USD the Toncoin price sits below both reference lines that medium-term investors watch. The 50-day exponential moving average stands at 1.4925 USD, which puts the current price 11.2 percent underneath it. The 200-day exponential moving average, the slower of the two, sits at 1.6695 USD, a further step up and 20.6 percent above the current quote. In chart terms, Toncoin is trading in the lower third of its own annual range.

The floor of that range is well defined. The twelve-month low of 1.2022 USD dates from 2 March 2026, and the current price is only 10.3 percent above it, a narrow cushion. The ceiling is far away: the 3.5328 USD high from August 2025 would require the price to more than double.
Three levels therefore frame any decision at current prices. The March low near 1.20 USD is the zone buyers defended once before. The 50-day line at 1.4925 USD is the first hurdle a recovery would need to clear. The 200-day line at 1.6695 USD separates a bounce from a trend change.
The data says interrupted rather than broken. Over 30 days Toncoin is down 16.7 percent, over 90 days down 30.6 percent, and over twelve months down 62.5 percent. Each window points the same way, and the sequence of lower highs behind them has not been reversed.

What has changed is the pace. The gap between the current price at 1.3260 USD and the March low at 1.2022 USD has held for months, which means sellers have not forced a new low despite a weak tape. A base of that kind is a precondition for a trend change without being one in itself.
For the downtrend to count as broken, the price would need to reclaim the 200-day line at 1.6695 USD and hold above it rather than tag it and fall back. Until then, the defensible description is a downtrend in a pause, and anyone buying at current prices is assuming that pause resolves upward.
The relative strength index over 14 days reads 38.3, below the neutral midpoint of 50 and above the 30 mark conventionally treated as oversold. The practical meaning is unspectacular: selling pressure has eased, but no washout has occurred of the kind that often precedes sharp rebounds.
The two moving averages add the structural picture. With the price at 1.3260 USD below the 50-day line at 1.4925 USD, and that line below the 200-day line at 1.6695 USD, the alignment is the one technicians call bearish: the recent average price sits under the longer one, which is what a sustained decline looks like from the inside.
For an entry decision, the combination offers no timing signal at all. It rules out the argument that Toncoin is technically oversold and due a bounce, and equally the argument that the asset is overheated. Investors who need a technical trigger will not find one at 1.3260 USD, which is a reason to think about position sizing rather than entry precision.
Volume deserves the most attention here. Toncoin turned over 35.6 million USD in the last 24 hours. The 30-day average sits at 49.5 million USD, the 90-day average at 145.6 million USD, and the full-year average at 161.6 million USD. Activity is running at roughly a fifth of the annual norm.
Thin volume has two consequences for a buyer. Price moves in either direction require less capital, so rallies and declines can both be sharper than the market capitalisation of 3.66 billion USD would suggest. And the drop in turnover indicates departed attention rather than accumulating demand.
Market capitalisation places Toncoin at rank 22 among crypto assets, a large-cap position by any measure. The gap between that rank and current activity is the tension in this asset: a top-25 valuation supported by turnover at a quarter of its own yearly average. The broader market offers little support either, with the Fear and Greed Index at 36, in fear territory.
Supply mechanics come first. Roughly 2.758 billion coins circulate out of a total supply of about 5.231 billion, with no hard maximum in the sense that Bitcoin has one. Inflation is bounded by protocol rules rather than a fixed cap, so the circulating share can keep rising. A buyer at 1.3260 USD is buying a claim on a supply base that is not fixed, and that belongs in any valuation.

Usage is the more distinctive argument. The network's design and its documentation at docs.ton.org centre on cheap, high-throughput transfers aimed at consumer payments inside a messenger environment rather than on complex financial contracts. That distribution channel is the asset's genuine differentiator among large-cap chains, and it is why the listing survived a 62.5 percent drawdown without losing its top-25 rank.
Regulation is the third factor, and the picture is neutral to mildly favourable. Under the European framework supervised by ESMA, crypto assets face harmonised disclosure and custody requirements across the bloc, which has made large-cap tokens easier for regulated venues to list and keep listed. That lifts no single price, but it lowers the risk that a top-25 coin becomes inaccessible on European platforms.
Against those points, the rename to Gram carries a practical cost that is easy to underestimate: ticker changes fragment search traffic, complicate portfolio tracking and occasionally delay listings on smaller venues. We regard this as transitional friction rather than a structural flaw, and flag it as interpretation rather than measurement.
Three arguments carry weight at 1.3260 USD.
The entry sits near a tested floor. At 10.3 percent above the twelve-month low of 1.2022 USD, a buyer here has a reference level close enough to define risk precisely. That is a materially different proposition from buying in the middle of a range, where the nearest meaningful support may be 30 percent away.
The valuation has already absorbed a severe repricing. A decline of 62.5 percent over twelve months has removed most of the optimism priced in at 3.5328 USD. Whatever expectations remain at 1.3260 USD are modest, and assets that have completed their repricing need less good news to move.
The distribution advantage is intact. The messenger-linked reach that made the network interesting remains in place, and a rank-22 market capitalisation of 3.66 billion USD indicates that large holders have not abandoned the listing. Where analysts expect the price to go from here is set out in our Toncoin price prediction.
Three counterarguments deserve equal weight.

The trend is still against the buyer. With the price at 1.3260 USD below the 50-day line at 1.4925 USD and the 200-day line at 1.6695 USD, every moving-average signal points down. Buying here means positioning against the prevailing trend and accepting that the asset may spend further months below both lines.
Liquidity has thinned to a worrying degree. Turnover of 35.6 million USD against an annual average of 161.6 million USD means larger orders move the price more, spreads widen when volatility arrives, and exits in a falling market cost more than the screen suggests. This is the most concrete risk in the current setup.
The supply side keeps expanding. With about 2.758 billion of a roughly 5.231 billion total supply in circulation and no fixed cap, new coins keep reaching the market. Where demand has fallen to a fifth of its yearly norm, that puts a structural weight on the price which technical support levels cannot offset.
The cost of buying matters more than usual when an asset is this illiquid. Spreads on thinly traded pairs can exceed the visible trading fee by a wide margin, so the headline commission is only part of the bill. Our crypto exchange comparison sets out the fee models side by side.
For European investors, regulatory status is the second filter. Supervised platforms offer clearer complaint routes and stricter custody rules, the relevant distinction once positions grow beyond pocket money. The candidates are collected in our overview of the best regulated crypto exchanges, and among individual venues we have examined Bitpanda in detail and Kraken's fee structure and features separately.
Custody is the third decision and independent of the first two. Coins left on an exchange remain in someone else's control, which is convenient for trading and unhelpful for holding. Investors planning to hold across a full cycle generally move to self-custody, and the trade-offs between the leading devices are laid out in our hardware wallet comparison. Toncoin support varies by device, so check before buying rather than after.
The data supports different answers over different horizons, and separating them is the only honest way to close.
Short term, the setup offers no edge. An RSI of 38.3 is neutral, both moving averages sit above the price, and volume at 35.6 million USD gives any move a fragile foundation. The risk of another test of the 1.2022 USD low is real, and if that level gives way on rising volume, the assumption that a base has formed is refuted.
Long term, the case rests on one question: does the messenger-linked distribution advantage translate into sustained usage, or does it remain a promise? If usage grows and turnover recovers toward the 161.6 million USD annual average, the current price will look like the discount phase of a cycle. If turnover keeps falling while supply expands, a rank-22 market capitalisation of 3.66 billion USD becomes hard to defend, and the drawdown from 3.5328 USD reads as a repricing rather than an overreaction.
The condition that would refute the constructive scenario is specific enough to monitor: a sustained close below 1.2022 USD, or a further decline in volume from an already depressed 35.6 million USD. The condition that would confirm it is equally specific: a reclaim of the 200-day line at 1.6695 USD with turnover moving back toward its annual norm. Neither has happened, which is why the answer at 1.3260 USD is a matter of position sizing rather than conviction.
Disclosure: Some of the providers mentioned in this article work with us through partner programmes. This has no influence on the price analysis or on our assessment of the chart situation; the price data comes from a public market data source and can be verified there.
(As of 14 August 2026. This article is not investment advice. Prices, fees and terms change; check them with the provider before every purchase. Crypto assets are subject to high price volatility, and a total loss is possible.)
Stellar trades at around 0.1612 US dollars on 12 August 2026. That is 64.4 percent below the twelve-month high of 0.4526 US dollars set on 14 August 2025, and 12.4 percent above the twelve-month low of 0.1434 US dollars from 23 May 2026. The sixteenth-largest crypto asset by market capitalisation therefore sits in the lower third of its yearly range. Is Stellar a good buy at current prices, or is this a weakness that has further to run?
cryptoticker.io compiled the price data for this analysis on 12 August 2026. The market data comes from CoinMarketCap, and we evaluated the daily closing prices of the past 365 trading days up to and including 11 August 2026. The indicators are calculated with standard formulas: the 200-day average and the 50-day average as exponentially weighted means, the RSI over 14 days according to Wilder. Every value changes with each trading day.
The Stellar price of 0.1612 US dollars sits below both moving averages. The 200-day average stands at 0.1986 US dollars and thus 23.2 percent above the current price. The 50-day average stands at 0.1787 US dollars, which XLM would have to gain 10.9 percent to reach. The nearest level to the downside is the twelve-month low of 0.1434 US dollars, reached on 23 May 2026.

The past 30 trading days span a range of 19.1 percent, from 0.1612 US dollars on 7 August to 0.1919 US dollars on 22 July. Within that range the price has drifted towards the lower edge, and the seven most recent closes all fall between 0.1613 and 0.1686 US dollars. A market that narrows in this way is usually waiting for a reason to move, and the direction is not readable from the chart alone.
Between the current price and the May low the market barely traded over the past year, which means there is little accumulated support in that stretch. Longer-dated scenarios are collected in our Stellar price prediction.
The quarterly figures give a mixed answer. Over 90 days the price is 1.5 percent higher, which is close to unchanged. Over 30 days it is 12.8 percent lower, and over twelve months it is down 62.6 percent from 0.4311 US dollars. The picture is one of a market that stopped falling in the spring without beginning to rise.

The sequence matters. Stellar found its low at 0.1434 US dollars on 23 May 2026 and recovered to 0.2607 US dollars by 30 May. That rally has since given back 38.2 percent, and the price now stands closer to the May low than to the interim high. A downtrend counts as broken once a market sets a higher low and then clears its previous high; Stellar has managed the first half of that condition and not the second.
The most plausible reading in our view is an interruption rather than a reversal. The price has held above the May low for eleven weeks, which argues against an immediate continuation of the fall, and it has failed twice to hold the 50-day average, which argues against a turn that has already happened. Both statements are assumptions drawn from the chart.
The RSI over 14 days stands at 33.9 points. Readings below 30 are conventionally treated as oversold, so Stellar is close to that zone without having entered it. An RSI at this level tells you that the market is weak, and it does not tell you when the weakness ends.
The two moving averages are stacked against the price. With the 50-day average at 0.1787 US dollars sitting below the 200-day average at 0.1986 US dollars, and the price below both, the trend structure is intact to the downside on all three horizons. That configuration has held since the spring.
For an entry this has two practical consequences. Buying at 0.1612 US dollars means buying against the trend, which historically requires either a long holding period or a tight exit. Waiting for a close above the 50-day average means paying at least 10.9 percent more for a market that has confirmed a change. The two routes price risk and certainty differently.
Turnover over the past 24 hours amounts to 80.6 million US dollars against a market capitalisation of 5.56 billion US dollars, a turnover rate of 1.4 percent. The 30-day average sits at 116.5 million US dollars per day. The 90-day average is far higher at 338.6 million US dollars, and the average across the full year is 234.8 million.
The comparison is the informative part. Current turnover runs at roughly a third of the 90-day average and at about a quarter of the twelve-month average. Trading interest in Stellar has thinned considerably since the spring, and the thinning coincides with the drift towards the yearly low.
Thin volume cuts both ways for a buyer. A market that few people trade needs less capital to move, so a return of interest can lift the price quickly. The same thinness means larger orders move the price against the person placing them. Where trading costs are lowest differs by venue, and our exchange comparison sets the fee models side by side.
Stellar's supply is capped and largely issued. Of a maximum of 50.0 billion XLM, 34.49 billion are in circulation, which is 69.0 percent. The remaining 15.5 billion sit with the Stellar Development Foundation and are released according to published mandates. There is no ongoing inflation in the sense of newly mined units, and the foundation burned roughly half of the original supply in 2019. The details of the model are documented on the Stellar Lumens overview.

The network's purpose is payment settlement and asset issuance rather than general-purpose computation, with a stated focus on cross-border transfers and tokenised deposits. The documentation for issuers and anchors is published at developers.stellar.org. Whether that focus translates into sustained demand for the asset is a separate question from whether the network is used, and the two have diverged before.
On regulation, European rules now apply in full to service providers rather than to the asset. The European Securities and Markets Authority supervises the framework and publishes the register of authorised firms. For a buyer in the European Union the practical effect is that the venue matters as much as the coin, and the comparison of regulated exchanges tracks which providers hold which permissions.
Three arguments carry weight at 0.1612 US dollars.
Three arguments point the other way.

Three cost blocks decide what an entry actually costs. The trading fee is charged per order and typically ranges from about 0.1 percent on maker-taker models to well above one percent on simplified buy interfaces. The spread between bid and ask is not shown separately. The withdrawal fee applies when you move XLM off the exchange, while the on-chain cost on the Stellar network is a fraction of a cent.
The provider question separates two use cases. For a position you intend to trade, an exchange account with low per-order costs is usually adequate; our Kraken review covers one such venue. For a position you intend to hold, the relevant criteria are the provider's regulatory permissions and its withdrawal terms, which our Bitpanda review examines.
Custody is the second decision. Coins left on an exchange are a claim against that exchange rather than an asset you control, which is acceptable for a short holding period and less so for a long one. Moving XLM to your own wallet removes that counterparty risk and adds the obligation to secure a recovery phrase. Suitable devices are ranked in the hardware wallet comparison.
Over a short horizon the evidence is unfavourable. The RSI at 33.9 points, the price below both averages, and turnover at a third of its 90-day average describe a market without a catalyst. The nearest resistance is the 50-day average at 0.1787 US dollars, 10.9 percent away, and the nearest support is the twelve-month low at 0.1434 US dollars, 12.4 percent away. Risk and reward are roughly symmetric on those two levels, which is a poor ratio for a directional trade.
Over a horizon of several years the calculation rests on different inputs. A capped supply that is 69.0 percent issued, a network with a defined purpose, and a price 64.4 percent below its twelve-month high are the conditions under which long-term positions have historically been built in this asset class. None of that establishes that a recovery will occur, and the 62.6 percent twelve-month decline is a reminder that discounts can deepen.
The assumption of a floor counts as disproved if the price closes below the twelve-month low of 0.1434 US dollars on a daily basis. It counts as confirmed if XLM reclaims the 50-day average of 0.1787 US dollars and closes above it on rising volume. The test after that would be the 200-day average at 0.1986 US dollars. These three levels let you check your own assessment against the market rather than against an opinion.
Disclosure: Some of the providers mentioned in this article work with us through partner programmes. This has no influence on the price analysis or on our assessment of the chart; the price data comes from a public market data source and can be verified there.
(As of 12 August 2026. This article is not investment advice. Prices, fees and terms change; check them with the provider before every purchase. Crypto assets are subject to high price volatility and a total loss is possible.)
Three weeks after a Flash release that couldn't produce a working file, Google's budget tier zero-shots a playable game. It still can't reason, and a free 27B model still writes better.
A California bill is awaiting an Assembly vote to "place guardrails" around AI chatbots and prevent them from acting as therapists.
Apple is pairing its in-house model with Alibaba’s Qwen as it prepares to bring Apple Intelligence to Chinese iPhones.
The filing would turn raw footage into labeled clips of who did what, without anyone opting in.
The proposed World Liberty Trust Company would take over issuance of the USD1 stablecoin from BitGo.
Ripple has minted another 10 million RLUSD on the XRP Ledger as the stablecoin’s market cap reaches $1.71 billion.
Investment advisor Ross Gerber has taken another swipe at Bitcoin.
Binance founder CZ completely abandons his public wallet after a routine spam cleanup accidentally triggered a $30 million meme coin pump.
While stocks hit record highs, Bloomberg’s McGlone breaks down why Bitcoin risks a drop to $10,000.
Non custodial wallet, SafePal issues urgent disclosure after customer information is accessed.
On August 16, SafePal, a cryptocurrency wallet service provider, announced that a security vulnerability in its order-tracking system resulted in unauthorized access to personal information of roughly 39,798 users.
The security incident stemmed from an authorization vulnerability within a plugin designed for order tracking. This defect permitted, under specific circumstances, unauthorized individuals to view order information belonging to other customers.
The compromised data pertains to transactions processed between March 2, 2025, and April 11, 2026. Information exposed in the breach includes customer names, email contacts, telephone numbers, delivery addresses, and order specifics.
SafePal emphasized that critical security elements including seed phrases, private keys, wallet access passwords, payment card credentials, banking details, and government identification documents remained protected and were not part of the data exposure.
Additionally, the company stated that no evidence suggests any cryptocurrency wallets or user funds were directly accessed or compromised as a result of this security incident.
According to SafePal, the first indication of trouble came in early May when the company received a phishing complaint that aligned with the eventual problem, though it was initially handled as a single incident. A comprehensive security audit was subsequently initiated, and by July the company had begun overhauling its order-management infrastructure.
The underlying issue—the authorization flaw within the plugin—was identified during the July security review. User complaints on Reddit and Trustpilot regarding phishing attacks containing accurate personal information surfaced as early as July 3 and 4, several weeks prior to SafePal’s official public statement.
An additional technical error caused an automated data-deletion routine to malfunction from September 2025 through April 2026. While SafePal clarified this configuration issue did not enable the unauthorized data access, it resulted in customer records being retained beyond their intended storage period.
The primary concern for impacted users is the heightened risk of targeted phishing campaigns. With access to genuine customer names, addresses, and purchase information, malicious actors can create highly persuasive fraud attempts.
SafePal cautioned that cybercriminals may impersonate company representatives offering bogus firmware upgrades, reimbursements, or device replacements to trick users into revealing their wallet access credentials.
The company has successfully identified and removed more than 30 fake websites and phishing operations. SafePal continues active surveillance for additional fraudulent domains.
SafePal has directly contacted affected customers via email and created a verification tool enabling users to determine if their purchase was impacted by entering their order reference number and shipping location.
Users who may have already provided a seed phrase or private key to a questionable website should immediately consider that wallet compromised, establish a new wallet, and transfer any remaining cryptocurrency assets.
SafePal is engaging an independent cybersecurity firm to verify the effectiveness of its remediation efforts and perform a comprehensive security assessment. The company has also implemented a new 90-day retention policy for personal data within the affected system.
This security incident is part of a concerning pattern affecting hardware wallet manufacturers. A third-party shipping contractor breach recently exposed customer information for approximately 14,000 Trezor users. Earlier in the year, competitor Ledger also informed customers about a data exposure originating from its third-party e-commerce platform.
Across all these incidents, the affected companies maintained that wallet functionality and private cryptographic keys were never compromised.
The post SafePal Security Incident: Plugin Vulnerability Compromises Data of 40,000 Users appeared first on Blockonomi.
Ethereum continues to trade in the $1,880 vicinity with approximately $4.89 billion changing hands daily. The second-largest cryptocurrency has been locked in horizontal price action for several weeks, confined between established support below and resistance overhead.

Market analyst Ted observes that ETH has successfully defended the $1,850 support zone, which bullish traders are using as a launching pad for potential upside movement. Maintaining this floor keeps the advantage with buyers.
The immediate barrier to upward movement lies at $1,920. A decisive breach of this level, accompanied by substantial trading volume, would likely propel ETH toward the psychological $2,000 mark. Rejection at this resistance could result in a retreat to $1,750.
According to analyst Altstreet Bets, Ethereum might bypass the previously anticipated pullback to $1,750 before resuming its uptrend. He interprets the ongoing consolidation between $1,850 and $1,900 as constructive accumulation, positioning ETH for a potential surge toward $2,300–$2,400 once overhead resistance yields.
Cryptocurrency chartist James Easton drew attention to Ethereum’s seller exhaustion metric plunging to levels not witnessed since 2015. While this indicates that persistent selling momentum may be weakening, it doesn’t necessarily confirm that a definitive market bottom has formed.
Data from Ali Charts reveals that daily new Ethereum addresses expanded from 121,210 on August 8 to 212,560 by August 16. This represents an approximate 75% increase in fresh network participation within just over one week.
The expansion in network activity indicates heightened engagement across decentralized finance protocols, decentralized applications, and other infrastructure built on Ethereum. Market participants are monitoring whether this uptick translates into sustained investment flows and corresponding price appreciation.
Ali Charts also highlights $1,580 as the crucial long-term support zone. Having already rebounded approximately 26% from that level, Ali identifies $3,000 as the next major upside objective should the current technical framework remain intact.
Bullish sentiment isn’t universal. Analyst CryptoBullet contends that Ethereum remains trapped within a larger bearish cycle and could potentially decline to $1,210 by November. He emphasizes the 21-week exponential moving average as critical resistance that ETH has failed to reclaim.
Trader Daan Crypto Trades highlighted on X that Ethereum’s volatility has contracted to extreme lows. He notes that it’s exceptionally unusual for ETH to trade sideways for more than a month without a subsequent explosive move, implying a significant directional breakout is imminent.
ETH is currently trading at $1,883, showing a 0.14% decline over the past 24 hours, with its market capitalization standing at $226.67 billion.
The post Ethereum (ETH) Network Activity Doubles While Price Consolidates Above $1,850 appeared first on Blockonomi.
Throughout Sunday’s trading session, Bitcoin maintained its position slightly below the $63,000 mark, registering a modest 0.4% decline to settle at $62,907. The cryptocurrency remained confined within a narrow trading corridor as market participants closely monitored crucial technical thresholds.

In a social media statement, Michael Saylor, Chairman of Strategy, characterized Bitcoin as “digital monetary energy.” His analysis framed money as a technological solution designed to preserve value generated from human effort, temporal investment, and resource allocation. According to Saylor’s perspective, Bitcoin represents an evolution beyond traditional gold and government-issued currencies through its mathematically limited supply and distributed architecture.
Saylor emphasized that Bitcoin’s proof-of-work mechanism creates a connection between digital assets and tangible energy expenditure, compelling miners to dedicate substantial computational resources for network validation. Current mining statistics indicate approximately 20.07 million tokens have entered circulation from Bitcoin’s hard-capped maximum of 21 million, leaving roughly 929,465 units yet to be produced.
The protocol’s built-in halving schedule will progressively decelerate new token issuance. Projections suggest the 2028 halving event will reduce daily mining output from 450 to 225 Bitcoin.
Market analyst Ted Pillows shared his perspective via X, noting Bitcoin’s consolidation around the $63,000 level and forecasting continued erratic price behavior throughout the weekend period. His analysis suggests the lateral trading pattern will persist until Bitcoin achieves a decisive breach beyond $65,000.
Technical strategist Kaz presented a near-term projection where Bitcoin might descend toward the $62,200 zone to capture available liquidity before mounting a recovery. He indicated his preference for establishing long positions should this downward probe materialize, viewing it as a tactical move rather than a signal of broader market weakness.
For upward movement, Kaz highlighted a concentration of comparable peak values near $64,500 as the initial objective for bullish momentum. A daily order-block formation spanning $64,800 to $65,400 constitutes more substantial resistance where he would evaluate short-position opportunities.
Trading expert Michaël van de Poppe pinpointed $63,400 as the pivotal barrier BTC needs to overcome to facilitate advancement toward the $64,500–$64,600 range. His assessment indicates that breaching this level would bolster the argument for sustained upward momentum.
Should Bitcoin struggle to penetrate that resistance barrier, van de Poppe has identified the $62,250–$62,300 region as a probable target for liquidity capture. He views the $60,500–$61,000 zone as a more cautious area for establishing long positions if price experiences deeper retracement.
Regarding institutional activity, UBS substantially amplified its call-option exposure connected to BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust, increasing positions more than 24-fold during the second quarter to represent 1.95 million underlying shares. Simultaneously, the financial institution boosted its direct IBIT holdings by 12%, reaching 407,890 shares.
Bitcoin’s immediate trajectory depends on its ability to defend the $62,200 support foundation or successfully penetrate the $63,400 resistance ceiling.
The post Bitcoin (BTC) Consolidates Around $63K While Saylor Touts ‘Digital Monetary Energy’ Concept appeared first on Blockonomi.
Cybercriminals successfully weaponized a security weakness in Apple’s macOS Screen Sharing functionality to commandeer internet-connected Mac computers and deploy them for Monero cryptocurrency mining operations. The Dutch National Cyber Security Centre validated these attacks in a revised security bulletin issued on August 12.
Across all documented incidents, threat actors successfully acquired root-level system privileges and deployed Monero mining applications on hijacked devices. The Dutch cybersecurity authority declined to specify the total number of compromised Macs or identify potential threat actors.
Apple addressed the security gap, designated as CVE-2026-65400, with patches released on August 6. The remediation was distributed through macOS Tahoe 26.6.1, Sequoia 15.7.9, and Sonoma 14.8.9.
The vulnerability stems from flawed state management within the Secure Remote Password authentication mechanism employed by macOS Screen Sharing. Cybersecurity firm Huntress discovered that malicious actors could manipulate the system into recognizing an unauthorized connection as pre-authenticated, thereby granting complete elevated access.
Since the exploitation occurs prior to conventional authentication procedures, typical security measures prove ineffective. Resetting Screen Sharing credentials, deactivating VNC authentication, or eliminating user profiles will not prevent unauthorized access.
Huntress security researcher Ryan Dowd conducted a Censys scan that identified tens of thousands of potentially susceptible endpoints. This figure represents internet-exposed Macs, not verified compromises.
The threat level is particularly elevated for cloud-hosted bare-metal Mac infrastructure, such as Mac minis leased from hosting providers. Certain hosting platforms automatically activate Screen Sharing on freshly provisioned machines, creating exposure windows when Apple’s August 6 security updates remain unapplied.
The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency originally assigned the vulnerability a 7.1 severity score when Apple distributed the patch. CISA subsequently escalated the rating to 9.8 critical on August 14, acknowledging that exploitation requires neither elevated privileges nor user interaction.
Monero remains a preferred choice for cryptojacking operations. The cryptocurrency supports mining with standard computing hardware, contrasting with Bitcoin, which demands specialized equipment. Its privacy-focused architecture additionally complicates transaction tracing efforts.
Individual machine profitability remains modest. The complete Monero network generates approximately 432 XMR daily, representing roughly $179,000 distributed across the entire mining ecosystem.
Monero was trading between $414 and $415 during reporting, showing gains of approximately 1% to 3.7% across 24 hours and roughly 5% over the preceding week.
The Dutch NCSC verified active exploitation but withheld specifics regarding mining infrastructure, pool addresses, or attacker wallet identifiers. Ongoing security research may illuminate the attack campaign’s scope before Apple’s remediation became available.
Mac users with Screen Sharing functionality enabled should deploy Apple’s latest security patches without delay.
The post Critical macOS Security Flaw Exploited for Monero Cryptocurrency Mining appeared first on Blockonomi.
Solana price is testing $74.97 support even as the network records strong growth in tokenized U.S. Treasury products. Solana added $378.2 million in tokenized T-bills during the past 30 days, exceeding Ethereum’s $272.2 million increase. The gap reached about $106 million.
Yet SOL fell 0.68% over 24 hours as risk appetite weakened across crypto markets. Trading volume declined 6.89% to $652.6 million, while momentum indicators stayed bearish. The contrast separates expanding on-chain activity from short-term market pressure. Solana also leads DeFi deployment of tokenized equities, hosting $71.6 million of the sector’s $111 million balance. Its share reaches about 64% overall.
Broader risk reduction has outweighed the network’s tokenization figures. U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs recorded withdrawals, including $78.9 million from BlackRock’s IBIT between August 10 and August 14. Such flows can weaken demand for higher-risk crypto assets. SOL often moves faster than Bitcoin when traders reduce market exposure.

The Solana price response reflects that sensitivity. SOL trades near the recent $74.97 swing low after failing to hold higher intraday levels. Immediate resistance sits at $75.64, leaving the asset within a narrow short-term range. Buyers have not produced enough volume to reverse the decline.
Technical indicators support the cautious setup. The relative strength index stands at 46, placing SOL near oversold territory without confirming a reversal. The MACD histogram stays negative, indicating that bearish momentum has not faded. No reversal signal appears. Meanwhile, lower volume shows limited conviction among buyers attempting to defend support.

A sustained close below $74.97 could expose the Solana price to another decline toward $73.00. Holding that level may instead produce consolidation between $74.97 and $75.64. The next move will also depend on Bitcoin’s ability to stabilize above $62,900.
Institutional flows create an external pressure point rather than a Solana-specific catalyst. Slower ETF withdrawals could help broader risk appetite recover. Persistent outflows may keep high-beta tokens under greater pressure, even when their networks report stronger activity.
The divergence leaves Solana price caught between improving tokenization data and weak trading momentum. Market participants are watching volume, the $74.97 floor, and Bitcoin ETF flows for the next directional signal.
Solana’s $378.2 million increase led all tracked blockchains for new tokenized T-bills. Ethereum added $272.2 million, while BNB Chain recorded another $49.2 million. Off-chain holdings grew by $81.7 million. zkSync Era added $6.1 million, while increases on other networks stayed below $1 million.
This expansion gives Solana price a network-growth counterweight to current technical weakness. It also shows that Treasury issuance is spreading across several settlement environments. Established platforms and issuers still capture most of the new value.
Superstate led provider growth with $184.2 million during the month. Securitize followed closely with $182.8 million, while Franklin Templeton added $86.2 million. Their combined increase reached $453.2 million. OpenEden contributed $39.7 million, and J.P. Morgan added $24.2 million. Several smaller issuers recorded growth, although their monthly increases were much lower overall.

Tokenized equities provide another measure beyond Solana price action. DeFi applications currently hold around $111 million in tokenized stocks from a total market near $2.3 billion to $2.4 billion. These assets can enter lending markets, liquidity pools, and decentralized trading venues instead of staying idle.
Solana hosts $71.6 million of that deployed equity value. Ethereum follows with $15 million, while BNB Chain accounts for $13.9 million. Solana’s share therefore stands near 64% to 65% of the tracked DeFi balance.
Spot decentralized exchange volume on Solana reached $5.8 billion. Future Solana price reactions may depend on whether issuance produces sustained trading, lending, and collateral demand. Rising DeFi balances would provide evidence that tokenized T-bills and equities are gaining use beyond initial issuance.
The post Solana Price Tests Support as Tokenized T-Bills Beat Ethereum appeared first on Blockonomi.
Chainalysis is challenging the US government’s decision to award a blockchain analytics contract to TRM Labs without a competitive bidding process.
According to a case filed in the US Court of Federal Claims, the company alleged that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) favored TRM Labs.
At the center of the lawsuit is a major contract of $94.66 million, which was awarded last month by ICE to TRM Labs. This one-year award runs from July 1, 2026, through June 30, 2027, and states,
“The purpose of this contract is to support the Department of Homeland Security, Homeland Security Investigations, Homeland Security Task Force National Coordination Center Cyber Disruption Center through the provision of analytical support services.”
Chainalysis has challenged that award while alleging that the federal law enforcement agency’s decision was “arbitrary, capricious, and unreasonable.” The company stated that the agencies skipped the normal competitive process and awarded the work directly to its rival. It has now asked the court to stop the award. The full complaint is under seal because it contains Chainalysis’ confidential, proprietary information and trade secrets, so the public docket does not reveal all of its arguments.
TRM Labs has already joined the case as an intervenor to defend the government’s decision. The court has also approved a protective order. Briefing is now underway, and filings are scheduled through the end of August. Oral arguments are set for September 2 at the National Courts Building in Washington, DC.
Meanwhile, the government has asked the court to issue a decision by September 10.
Chainalysis and TRM Labs are both popular blockchain analytics companies whose tools are used by government agencies to track cryptocurrency activity. These tools have become increasingly important for authorities tracking crypto-linked financial activity by identifying wallets and following the movement of funds tied to sanctioned entities and illicit networks. The technology has also been used in cases involving state-linked wallets and the freezing of crypto assets.
This has helped platforms such as Chainalysis to build a significant business with the US government.
In the case of Chainalysis as well, its federal work dates back to 2015, when the FBI awarded it a $9,000 contract for data software. Since then, its government business has grown substantially, working with several agencies, including the DEA and IRS.
The post Chainalysis Takes US Government to Court Over $94.66M TRM Labs Contract appeared first on CryptoPotato.
The new business week has started on the right foot, as after a highly dull and sluggish weekend, bitcoin has finally charted a minor increase to $63,500. The following days have some important macro events in the United States that can further impact the market, albeit not as notable as the CPI data from last week or the actual FOMC meetings.
Although the calendar is considerably lighter, the Federal Reserve will return to the spotlight as investors attempt to determine what comes next for interest rates and the September meeting.
CryptoPotato reported at the end of July that the US Fed maintained the interest rates unchanged for a fifth consecutive meeting, even though this one was the most uncertain since the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020. The decision, though, exposed a growing divide among policymakers, as three officials favored a rate hike.
Consequently, investors are now expecting the minutes for additional details about the central bank’s concerns over inflation and whether more policymakers will join the call for higher rates in the coming months. Risk assets like cryptocurrencies tend to be affected the most by the Fed’s plans as expectations for tighter monetary policy typically put pressure on speculative investments.
The latest economic data cast another shadow on the broader picture. US retail sales unexpectedly declined by 0.6% in July, which was the first drop in nine months. Recent unemployment and inflation readings reduced the expectations for a September rate hike.
More interesting data comes on Thursday with the release of the weekly initial jobless claims, which could provide further insight into the US labor market. The August Philadelphia Fed Manufacturing Index will also be released on that day, which can offer an early indication of changes in economic activity.
The rest of the macro releases in the US are unlikely to have any impact on crypto. They include the August S&P Global Manufacturing and Services PIM readings.
Key Events This Week:
1. July Housing Starts data – Tuesday
2. July Pending Home Sales data – Tuesday
3. Fed Meeting Minutes – Wednesday
4. August Philly Fed Manufacturing Index – Thursday
5. August S&P Global Services PMI data – Friday
6. August S&P Global Manufacturing…
— The Kobeissi Letter (@KobeissiLetter) August 16, 2026
Crypto prices stayed quiet over the weekend, but most assets have marked minor increases on Monday morning. Bitcoin is up to $63,400, while ETH has challenged the $1,900 level again. XRP continues to fight for the psychological $1.00 support.
HYPE and RAIN have surged the most from the larger caps, gaining 3.5% and 2.5%, respectively. WLFI is in the green again after the recent bank charter license received by the project behind it.
The post A Quiet Macro Week? These US Events Could Still Spark Bitcoin Volatility appeared first on CryptoPotato.
Although the broader landscape around XRP and the ETFs behind it is nowhere near the peaks from last year, some of the most prominent names on Wall Street have not abandoned it.
Just the opposite; the recent SEC filings show that behemoths like Jane Street, Bank of America, Morgan Stanley, UBS, and a few others have reported XRP ETF positions. However, there are significant differences in their exposure.
In its latest Form 13F filed with the SEC at the end of the previous business week, covering holdings as of June 30, Jane Street Group solidified its spot as a leader in terms of XRP ETF adoption. Data shows that the trading giant held more than 1.2 million shares of the Bitwise XRP ETF alone, alongside exposure to other funds from Franklin Templeton, Grayscale, Canary Capital, and 21Shares.
The Bitwise product exposure is particularly eye-catching because it holds spot XRP, unlike other ETFs tracking the popular altcoin. Bitwise’s product saw the light of day in November, just a few weeks after Canary Capital’s ETF hit Wall Street, and has become the largest of the bunch since.
The document covers the second quarter of the year, as confirmed by the SEC. The filing contains the company’s reportable securities position at the June 30 cutoff.
It’s worth noting that Jane Street’s involvement, since it’s one of the largest market makers and actively trades ETFs and options, should not necessarily be regarded as a simple long-term directional bet on XRP, but the scale is still difficult to ignore. Moreover, it held just 20,605 ordinary Bitwise XRP ETF shares at the end of Q1, meaning that there was a significant increase to the 1.2 million shares reported three months later.
Bank of America also reported in its latest filing cycle that it held 13,260 shares of the Volatility Shares XRP ETF. However, the position is worth just $76,000, nowhere near Jane Street’s exposure. Additionally, the Volatility Shares XRP ETF is not a spot ETF such as Bitwise’s financial vehicles.
Morgan Stanley also disclosed positions in three XRP-related funds at the end of Q2: 6,715 shares of Franklin’s XRP ETF, 255 shares of REX-Osprey’s product, and 567 shares of Bitwise’s counterpart.
These holdings are quite insignificant relative to the behemoth’s overall portfolio, but they add to a growing list of institutions reporting regulated XRP exposure. Additionally, Wolverine Asset Management had nearly 200,000 Bitwise XRP ETF shares, Gallacher Capital Management reported 86,744 Capital XRP ETF shares, while Main Street Group and National Bank of Canada had 5,261 and 3,848 shares of XRP-related products, respectively.
The post Wall Street Is Quietly Loading Up on Ripple (XRP) ETFs: Here’s Who Holds the Most appeared first on CryptoPotato.
South Korea’s Seoul Southern District Court has sentenced Delio CEO Jeong Sang-ho to 15 years in prison after finding him guilty of fraud involving nearly 70 billion Korean won ($49.2 million) in customer crypto assets. The 11th Criminal Division, presided over by Judge Jang Chan, handed down the sentence on August 13.
The court also ordered Sang-ho to be detained due to concerns that he could flee.
The prosecution had initially sought a 20-year prison term, but the court rejected some of the prosecution’s evidence after accepting arguments from Sang-ho’s side that the search and seizure of the server of outsourcing company Gabia was conducted unlawfully.
According to the court, prosecutors failed to guarantee Delio’s right to participate in the search and did not provide a list of seized items, which rendered the company’s database information and related secondary evidence inadmissible.
Upon sentencing, the court stated,
“The defendant committed a crime of embezzling a large amount of money from numerous victims, and considering the circumstances and details of the crime, the means and methods used, and the scale of the damage, the nature of the offense is very serious. He has not received forgiveness from the victims who suffered serious economic losses as a result of this case.”
At the same time, the court acknowledged that external factors had contributed to the case and noted that Sang-ho did not have a prior criminal record involving a punishment greater than a fine. The ruling represented a significant reduction from the prosecution’s original case, which alleged fraud involving approximately 250 billion won (worth around $176 million) and around 2,800 customers.
After excluding evidence related to the larger allegation, the court instead found Sang-ho guilty under the prosecution’s alternative indictment involving approximately 70 billion won and over 1,078 victims.
Delio used to offer high returns on cryptocurrency deposits and promoted itself as a digital asset bank. Its subsequent collapse was closely linked to the downfall of crypto yield platform Haru Invest. Delio had reportedly placed a portion of customer assets with Haru to generate returns, which left the South Korean lender exposed when the latter abruptly suspended withdrawals in June 2023 after citing problems involving its service provider, B&S Holdings.
This forced Delio to halt withdrawals shortly afterward, which ended up triggering a liquidity crisis that ultimately contributed to its bankruptcy.
The post Delio’s Jeong Sang-ho Handed 15-Year Sentence Over 70B Won Crypto Scandal appeared first on CryptoPotato.
A new academic study has identified 65,340 high-risk address misuse cases on Ethereum and BNB Chain, linked to about $574.8 million in lost crypto.
The research shows how ordinary mistakes involving testnet addresses, reused contract addresses, and exposed private keys can become permanent losses, while newer tools such as EIP-7702 give attackers another way to exploit them.
The study, led by researchers from Sun Yat-sen University, Zhejiang University, Peking University, and other institutions, describes two forms of address misuse: Contract Account (CA) Misuse and Externally Owned Account (EOA) Misuse.
CA Misuse happens when users treat a non-contract address as though a smart contract exists there. The researchers found 49,344 such cases, involving 22,738.41 ETH and 8,681.41 BNB in losses.
One example involved a Uniswap V2 router address widely used on Ethereum’s Sepolia testnet. The address had more than 102,000 views across Stack Exchange posts and was used frequently for testing, but on Ethereum mainnet, it had no contract code at the time, yet users still sent function calls and ETH to it. The transactions succeeded as simple transfers, leaving the funds trapped.
EOA Misuse accounted for another 15,996 cases, which involved addresses whose private keys had been exposed, often through public code repositories or developer Q&A sites. The study found losses of 104,224.53 ETH and 9,045.29 BNB.
The researchers examined more than 10 million candidate addresses and 16 million exposed private keys, then analyzed about 2.5 million transactions on Ethereum and BSC. Manual checks gave the detection system an overall precision of 99.11%.
The study also found that attackers actively exploit these mistakes. In 469 CA misuse cases, attackers used cross-chain address reuse to place malicious contracts at addresses where users had already trapped funds, resulting in 3,446.37 ETH and 431.79 BNB in losses.
Another 17,270 cases involved EIP-7702, which lets an externally owned account delegate execution to a smart contract. The researchers found attackers using the mechanism to control exposed accounts and automatically redirect incoming funds.
The findings add a different type of risk to the security problems already affecting crypto this year. A Blockaid report published on August 1 found $1.1 billion stolen across 212 incidents during the first half of 2026, with three separate attacks that caused more than $35 million in losses occurring in one day in late July.
The address misuse study points to a less obvious problem: a transaction can succeed while still producing a loss. Users may assume that a successful transaction means they interacted with the intended contract, even when the address has no code on that particular network.
According to the researchers, people ought to check the network before using an address and rely on official project documentation while keeping test accounts away from production funds.
They also called for wallets to warn users when an address has no contract code on the current chain or has a known exposed private key.
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